Plain-English definitions for the patterns, structures, risk concepts, and habits chart readers rely on — every entry written for beginners and free to read.
A single bar on a chart that summarises four prices — open, high, low, close — over a fixed time window. The candle's shape (body, upper wick, lower wick) compresses a session's price action into a glance.
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A candle whose open and close are nearly identical, producing a tiny or non-existent body. A doji captures a moment of indecision — buyers and sellers ended the period at the same price they started.
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A two-candle reversal pattern in which the second candle's body completely "engulfs" the prior candle's body. A bullish engulfing prints after a downtrend; a bearish engulfing prints after an uptrend.
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A single candle with a small body near the top of its range and a long lower wick — at least twice the body's height — printed inside a downtrend. The shape suggests sellers pressed price down and were rejected.
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The four prices that summarise a single time window: where price opened the period, the highest price touched, the lowest price touched, and where price closed. Every chart is built from these four numbers per bar.
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A move in which price decisively closes through an established support or resistance zone, signalling a potential continuation or trend change. The close — not the wick — defines the breakout.
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Horizontal price zones where buyers (support) or sellers (resistance) have historically stepped in with enough force to stop or reverse a move. Multi-touch levels carry more weight than single touches.
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A local peak on a chart — a candle whose high is higher than the candles immediately before and after it. Swing highs are the anchor points used to identify trends and draw resistance.
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A local trough on a chart — a candle whose low is lower than the candles immediately before and after it. Swing lows are the anchor points used to identify trends and draw support.
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A directional bias in price made visible by a sequence of higher highs and higher lows (uptrend) or lower highs and lower lows (downtrend). When that sequence breaks, the trend is in question.
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